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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics Dec 2016With the advances of genome-wide sequencing technologies and bioinformatics approaches, a large number of datasets of normal and malignant erythropoiesis have been... (Review)
Review
With the advances of genome-wide sequencing technologies and bioinformatics approaches, a large number of datasets of normal and malignant erythropoiesis have been generated and made public to researchers around the world. Collection and integration of these datasets greatly facilitate basic research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders. Here we provide a brief introduction of the most popular omics data resources of normal and malignant hematopoiesis, including some integrated web tools, to help users get better equipped to perform common analyses. We hope this review will promote the awareness and facilitate the usage of public database resources in the hematology research.
Topics: Computational Biology; Databases, Factual; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Research
PubMed: 27965103
DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2016.10.004 -
Blood Reviews May 2021The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is the most trending and talked topic across the World. From its point of origin in Wuhan, China to clinical laboratory at NIH, a mere... (Review)
Review
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is the most trending and talked topic across the World. From its point of origin in Wuhan, China to clinical laboratory at NIH, a mere six-month-old SARS-CoV-2 virus is keeping the clinicians, and scientists busy at various fronts. However, COVID-19 is an emerging and evolving disease and each day brings in more data, new figures, and findings from the field of clinical practice. The role of hematologists has been increasingly recognized during the current pandemic because of several reasons. Most important of them are the characteristic hematological findings of COVID-19 patients that also have prognostic implications and that were not seen in other viral infections. The treatment of hematological complications in COVID-19 patients is very challenging given the critical care setting. There are interim and limited guidelines thus far due to the novelty of the disease. As this remains to be a quite fluid situation, all the appropriate medical societies including the major hematology bodies are proposing initial and interim guidelines (e.g. ASH guideline). This puts a hematologist on consult service in a dubious position where, he/she must tailor the recommendations on case to case basis. The purpose of this review is to provide the background context about the impact of COVID-19 on the blood system and to summarize the current interim guidelines to manage the associated hematological issues in COVID-19 infection.
Topics: COVID-19; Disease Management; Hematologic Diseases; Hematology; Humans; Pandemics; Practice Guidelines as Topic; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33199084
DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100777 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2016Tuberculosis (TB) affects the production and life span of all hematologic cellular components. In addition, plasma coagulation factors may be affected, resulting in... (Review)
Review
Tuberculosis (TB) affects the production and life span of all hematologic cellular components. In addition, plasma coagulation factors may be affected, resulting in sometimes life-threatening complications. Iron, folate, and vitamin B12 metabolism is derailed. The pharmacological agents used for TB therapy may also cause hematologic changes. There are some uncommon manifestations of TB in nontuberculous hematologic patients. There have been some exciting developments in the field of imaging to screen for TB, TB pathophysiology at the cellular level, and our understanding of immune response in TB. Advances have been made in pharmacologic therapeutic options, including discovery of new drugs in the fight against drug-resistant TB, bearing in mind their hematologic effects. This chapter reviews and updates known hematologic effects of TB and its therapy and some lesser known effects of TB in patients with nontuberculous hematologic conditions.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 28084210
DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0004-2016 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a potentially curative therapy for many hematological disorders and autoimmune diseases, but acute... (Review)
Review
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a potentially curative therapy for many hematological disorders and autoimmune diseases, but acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) has remained a major obstacle that limits allo-HSCT and exhibits a daunting mortality rate. The gastrointestinal system is among the most common sites affected by aGVHD. Experimental advances in the field of intestinal microbiota research enhanced our understanding - not only of the quantity and diversity of intestinal microbiota - but also their association with homeostasis of the immune system and disease pathogenesis, including that of aGVHD. Meanwhile, ever-growing clinical evidence suggest that the intestinal microbiota is dysregulated in patients who develop aGVHD and that the imbalance may affect clinical outcomes, indicating a potential predictive role for microbiota dysregulation in aGVHD severity and prognosis. The current animal and human studies investigating the intestinal microbiota in aGVHD and the understanding of the influence and management of the microbiota in the clinic are reviewed herein. Taken together, monitoring and remodeling the intestinal microecology following allo-HSCT may provide us with promising avenues for diagnosing, preventing or treating aGVHD in the clinic.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Graft vs Host Disease; Hematologic Diseases; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Intestines; Transplantation, Homologous
PubMed: 33815399
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.644982 -
British Journal of Haematology Sep 2011
Topics: Africa; Comorbidity; Developing Countries; Hematologic Diseases; Hematology; Humans
PubMed: 21726208
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08763.x -
In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 2017Since its introduction in the early 1990s, laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) has gained worldwide acceptance for spleen removal, especially in hematological patients. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Since its introduction in the early 1990s, laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) has gained worldwide acceptance for spleen removal, especially in hematological patients.
AIM
The present review summarizes the current knowledge and results of LS for the treatment of benign hematological diseases in adults.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A MEDLINE/PubMed database research was performed using the terms: "laparoscopic splenectomy" OR "laparoscopy" OR "splenectomy" AND "hematological disorders" OR "hematological disease" OR "hematology" AND "adults" as key words. We set our analysis starting date as January 1st 2010 and the end date as December 31st 2016. We identified 247 relative articles. All the references from the identified articles were searched for relevant information.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven articles were deemed appropriate for our analysis. LS was found to be feasible and safe in the majority of patients with benign hematological disorders, with a mortality rate ranging from 0% to less than 4% and the postoperative complications rate from 0% to 35.7%. The conversion rate was also very low (4%) and response (complete or partial) was achieved in more than 80% of patients. Lateral approach with four trocars was the most commonly used approach with concommitant cholecystectomy being correlated with increased operative time and morbidity.
CONCLUSION
Current literature holds that whenever splenectomy is required for the treatment of hematological disorders in adults, a laparoscopic approach should be offered as the gold standard. However, to strengthen the clinical evidence in favor of LS, more high-quality clinical trials on several issues of the procedure are necessary.
Topics: Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Laparoscopy; Mortality; Postoperative Complications; Spleen; Splenectomy
PubMed: 28438854
DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11058 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2020Aptamers or chemical antibodies are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that bind proteins and small molecules with high affinity and specificity by recognizing... (Review)
Review
Aptamers or chemical antibodies are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that bind proteins and small molecules with high affinity and specificity by recognizing tertiary or quaternary structures as antibodies. Aptamers can be easily produced in vitro through a process known as systemic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) or a cell-based SELEX procedure. Aptamers and modified aptamers, such as slow, off-rate, modified aptamers (SOMAmers), can bind to target molecules with less polar and more hydrophobic interactions showing slower dissociation rates, higher stability, and resistance to nuclease degradation. Aptamers and SOMAmers are largely employed for multiplex high-throughput proteomics analysis with high reproducibility and reliability, for tumor cell detection by flow cytometry or microscopy for research and clinical purposes. In addition, aptamers are increasingly used for novel drug delivery systems specifically targeting tumor cells, and as new anticancer molecules. In this review, we summarize current preclinical and clinical applications of aptamers in malignant and non-malignant hematological diseases.
Topics: Animals; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Management; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Genetic Therapy; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; SELEX Aptamer Technique; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32375354
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093252 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2018The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) together with recent advances in genome editing, microphysiological systems, tissue engineering and xenograft models... (Review)
Review
The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) together with recent advances in genome editing, microphysiological systems, tissue engineering and xenograft models present new opportunities for the investigation of hematological diseases and cancer in a patient-specific context. Here we review the progress in the field and discuss the advantages, limitations, and challenges of iPSC-based malignancy modeling. We will also discuss the use of iPSCs and its derivatives as cellular sources for drug target identification, drug development and evaluation of pharmacological responses.
Topics: Animals; Cellular Reprogramming; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Development; Gene Editing; Hematologic Diseases; Heterografts; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Neoplasms; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 30323816
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02243 -
Acta Haematologica 2018In 1963 Jean Bernard introduced the concept of "geographic hematology" and distinguished 2 branches, i.e., "ethnic hematology," which deals with differences between... (Review)
Review
In 1963 Jean Bernard introduced the concept of "geographic hematology" and distinguished 2 branches, i.e., "ethnic hematology," which deals with differences between populations, and "environmental hematology," which considers factors such as food habits, infections, and others. Both of these branches have implications in the distribution of hematological diseases worldwide. In comparison with Caucasian populations, in Mexico a significantly higher prevalence of acute lymphoblastic, acute promyelocytic, and acute megakaryoblastic leukemias has been described. The rate of chronic myeloid leukemia seems to be as high as that reported in Caucasian populations, while other myeloproliferative neoplasias are significantly less frequent in Mexico. Significantly lower prevalences of hairy cell leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia have been reported from Mexico. Regrettably, the influence of drug companies interested in selling their new and expensive drugs has resulted in both overdiagnosis of some diseases and overidentification of the refractory forms of some of these conditions to justify the use of unnecessary drugs.
Topics: Hematologic Diseases; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Mexico; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Prevalence; Thalassemia
PubMed: 30227427
DOI: 10.1159/000491989 -
IUBMB Life Jan 2020GATA1 is an essential regulator of erythroid cell gene expression and maturation. In its absence, erythroid progenitors are arrested in differentiation and undergo... (Review)
Review
GATA1 is an essential regulator of erythroid cell gene expression and maturation. In its absence, erythroid progenitors are arrested in differentiation and undergo apoptosis. Much has been learned about GATA1 function through animal models, which include genetic knockouts as well as ones with decreased levels of expression. However, even greater insights have come from the finding that a number of rare red cell disorders, including Diamond-Blackfan anemia, are associated with GATA1 mutations. These mutations affect the amino-terminal zinc finger (N-ZF) and the amino-terminus of the protein, and in both cases can alter the DNA-binding activity, which is primarily conferred by the third functional domain, the carboxyl-terminal zinc finger (C-ZF). Here we discuss the role of GATA1 in erythropoiesis with an emphasis on the mutations found in human patients with red cell disorders.
Topics: GATA1 Transcription Factor; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Mutation; Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure
PubMed: 31652397
DOI: 10.1002/iub.2177